What are the Examination Methods for Male Erectile Dysfunction? A Detailed Explanation by a Singapore Urologist​

阳痿,医学上称为勃起功能障碍(Erectile Dysfunction, ED),是许多新加坡男性可能遇到的健康问题。面对ED,最重要的第一步不是自行用药或寻求偏方,而是进行科学、系统的医学检查。明确的诊断不仅能揭示问题的根本原因,更是制定安全、有效治疗方案的基础。本文将由浅入深,为您详细介绍新加坡医疗体系中,医生用于诊断ED的常见检查方法,帮助您消除疑虑,了解就医流程。 | Erectile Dysfunction (ED) is a health issue many Singaporean men may encounter. When facing ED, the most important first step is not self-medication or seeking folk remedies, but undergoing ​scientific and systematic medical examination. A clear diagnosis can not only reveal the root cause of the problem but also form the foundation for developing a safe and effective treatment plan. This article will detail, from basic to advanced, the common examination methods used by doctors within Singapore’s healthcare system to diagnose ED, helping to alleviate your concerns and understand the medical process.

Click to buy

核心原则:诊断是一个循序渐进的过程 | Core Principle: Diagnosis is a Step-by-Step Process

ED的诊断通常遵循从无创到有创、从简单到复杂的原则。医生会像侦探一样,通过问诊、体检和辅助检查,逐步排除或确认各种可能性,最终找到病因。 | The diagnosis of ED usually follows the principle of ​from non-invasive to invasive, from simple to complex. Like a detective, the doctor will gradually eliminate or confirm various possibilities through history taking, physical examination, and auxiliary tests to ultimately find the cause.

第一步:初步评估与病史询问(所有检查的基石)| Step 1: Initial Assessment and Medical History (The Cornerstone of All Examinations)​

这是最重要、最基础的环节,通常在新加坡的综合诊所(Polyclinic)​​ 看全科医生(GP)或直接看泌尿科专科医生(Urologist)​​ 时进行。 | This is the most important and fundamental part, usually conducted when you see a ​General Practitioner (GP)​​ at a ​Polyclinic​ or directly consult a ​Urologist​ in Singapore.

  1. 详细病史询问 (Detailed Medical History):​
    • ED具体情况:​​ 何时开始?是突然发生还是逐渐出现?是在所有性尝试中都会发生,还是分情境?勃起硬度如何(可用EHS硬度分级简单自评)?有无夜间或晨间勃起?
    • ED-specific details:​​ When did it start? Was it sudden or gradual? Does it happen in all sexual attempts or is it situational? What is the erection hardness (can self-assess simply using the EHS hardness scale)? Are there nocturnal or morning erections?
    • 身心健康与生活方式:​​ 有无心血管疾病(高血压、心脏病)、糖尿病、神经系统疾病、内分泌疾病史?近期有无手术或骨盆外伤?生活压力水平、情绪状态(有无焦虑、抑郁)?吸烟、饮酒、饮食和运动习惯?
    • Physical & Mental Health and Lifestyle:​​ Any history of cardiovascular disease (hypertension, heart disease), diabetes, neurological disorders, endocrine diseases? Recent surgeries or pelvic trauma? Stress levels, emotional state (anxiety, depression)? Smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and exercise habits?
    • 用药史:​​ 详细列出所有正在服用的药物(包括处方药、非处方药和保健品),因为许多药物可能引起ED作为副作用。
    • Medication History:​​ List all medications currently being taken (including prescription, over-the-counter drugs, and supplements), as many can cause ED as a side effect.
    • 社会心理与关系因素:​​ 与伴侣的关系、工作压力、对性表现的期望和焦虑等。
    • Psychosocial and Relationship Factors:​​ Relationship with partner, work stress, expectations and anxieties about sexual performance, etc.
  2. 性生活与伴侣史问卷 (Sexual and Partner History Questionnaire):​
    • 医生可能会使用一些国际通用的简单问卷,如国际勃起功能指数问卷(IIEF-5)​。通过评分快速客观地评估ED的严重程度。 | The doctor may use some internationally recognized short questionnaires, such as the ​International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5)​. This helps quickly and objectively assess the severity of ED through a score.

第二步:体格检查(寻找生理线索)| Step 2: Physical Examination (Looking for Physical Clues)​

医生会进行全面的身体检查,重点包括: | The doctor will perform a comprehensive physical examination, focusing on:

  1. 第二性征检查 (Secondary Sexual Characteristics Examination):​​ 检查胡须、喉结、体毛分布等,评估雄激素水平。
  2. 外生殖器检查 (External Genitalia Examination):​
    • 阴茎 (Penis):​​ 检查有无硬结(可能提示佩罗尼病/Peyronie’s disease)、斑块、畸形或睾丸异常。
    • 睾丸 (Testes):​​ 检查睾丸的大小、质地和是否在阴囊内,评估睾丸功能。
  3. 血管系统检查 (Vascular System Examination):​​ 测量四肢血压,触摸足背动脉和胫后动脉的搏动,评估周围血管健康状况。
  4. 神经系统检查 (Neurological Examination):​​ 检查会阴区的感觉、球海绵体肌反射等,评估神经传导功能是否正常。

第三步:实验室检查(探查内在指标)| Step 3: Laboratory Tests (Investigating Internal Indicators)​

通过抽血化验,检查可能与ED相关的各项生理指标: | Through blood tests, check various physiological indicators that may be related to ED:

  1. 血糖与糖化血红蛋白 (Blood Glucose and HbA1c):​​ 筛查糖尿病或糖尿病前期,这是ED的常见原因。
  2. 血脂全套 (Lipid Profile):​​ 检查总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和甘油三酯水平。高血脂是血管性ED的重要风险因素。
  3. 性激素水平 (Sex Hormone Levels):​
    • 总睾酮 (Total Testosterone):​​ 通常在早晨抽血检测(浓度最高)。水平过低可能导致性欲下降和ED。
    • 泌乳素 (Prolactin):​​ 水平异常升高可能提示垂体问题。
    • 促黄体生成素(LH)和促卵泡激素(FSH):​​ 帮助判断性腺功能低下是源于睾丸还是脑垂体。
  4. 甲状腺功能 (Thyroid Function Tests):​​ 甲状腺功能亢进或减退都可能影响性功能。
  5. 肝功能与肾功能 (Liver and Kidney Function Tests):​​ 严重的肝、肾功能不全可能影响激素代谢和整体健康,从而导致ED。

第四步:专科进一步检查(深入探究病因)| Step 4: Specialized Further Investigations (In-depth Exploration of Causes)​

如果经过以上步骤仍无法明确病因,或怀疑有特定问题,泌尿科医生可能会建议进行以下一项或多项专科检查: | If the cause remains unclear after the above steps, or if a specific problem is suspected, a urologist may recommend one or more of the following specialized tests:

  1. 夜间阴茎勃起测试(NPT)(Nocturnal Penile Tumescence Test – NPT):​
    • 目的:​​ 区分心理性ED和器质性ED。健康男性在睡眠快速眼动期会有3-5次自然勃起。如果夜间勃起正常,表明勃起生理功能基本完好,问题可能出在心理层面。
    • 方法:​​ 在家睡眠时使用一种简单的​ Snap-Gauge 测试带​ 或更精确的夜间勃起硬度测量仪​(如Rigiscan)连续监测2-3夜。
  2. 阴茎海绵体内注射试验(ICI Test)(Intracavernosal Injection Test):​
    • 目的:​​ 评估阴茎血管功能(动脉供血和静脉闭合功能)。
    • 方法:​​ 医生向阴茎海绵体内注射一种血管活性药物(如前列腺素E1)。观察能否在10-15分钟内产生足以进行性交的硬挺勃起。如果能,表明动脉供血可能良好;如果勃起迅速消退,可能提示静脉漏。
  3. 彩色多普勒超声检查(CDDU)(Colour Doppler Duplex Ultrasound):​
    • 目的:​​ ​评估阴茎血管功能的“金标准”​。在注射血管活性药物诱发勃起后,用超声探头测量阴茎动脉的收缩期峰值流速(PSV)​​ 和舒张末期流速(EDV)​
    • PSV低:​​ 提示动脉供血不足。
    • EDV高:​​ 提示静脉漏,即静脉闭合功能不全,血液过早流出。
  4. 阴茎动脉造影(Penile Arteriography)和海绵体造影(Cavernosography):​
    • 目的:​​ 非常专业的检查。用于疑似因骨盆外伤等导致特定动脉损伤或严重静脉漏,且可能考虑进行血管手术的患者。
    • 方法:​​ 属于介入放射学检查,需要注射造影剂并拍摄X光片。因其为有创检查,通常仅在必要时进行。

给新加坡读者的就医指南 | Medical Guide for Singaporean Readers

  1. 起点:综合诊所(Polyclinic)| Starting Point: Polyclinic
    • 您可以先前往住家附近的综合诊所(Polyclinic)​​ 看全科医生(GP)​。医生会进行初步的病史询问、体格检查和基本的血液检查。
    • 如果需要进一步专科检查,GP会为您开具转诊信(Referral Letter)​,将您转介至公立医院的泌尿科(Urology Department)​​ 或私立医院的泌尿科专家。
  2. 直接选择:专科医生 | Direct Option: Specialist
    • 您也可以直接预约私立医院或公立医院的泌尿科专科医生进行咨询。
  3. 沟通是关键 | Communication is Key
    • 看医生时,请务必坦诚、详细地告知您的所有情况,不要因尴尬而隐瞒信息。医生的诊断高度依赖于您提供的信息。
  4. 检查的选择 | Choice of Tests
    • 并非每位ED患者都需要完成所有上述检查。医生会根据您的具体情况(年龄、病史、初步检查结果)来判断需要哪些检查来明确诊断。通常从最简单的无创检查开始。

结语:积极检查,明晰路径 | Conclusion: Active Examination, Clear Path

男性阳痿的检查方法是一个系统、科学的过程,旨在精准定位病因。在新加坡完善的医疗体系下,这些检查手段都是可及且规范的。进行这些检查绝非小题大做,而是对自身健康负责的表现。通过明确的诊断,您和医生才能共同制定出最安全、最有效的个性化治疗方案,从而从根本上解决问题,重获健康与自信。请勇敢迈出第一步,咨询医生。 | The examination methods for male ED are a systematic and scientific process aimed at accurately identifying the cause. Within Singapore’s well-established healthcare system, these examinations are accessible and standardized. Undergoing these tests is ​by no means an overreaction​ but a responsible act towards your own health. With a clear diagnosis, you and your doctor can jointly develop the safest and most effective personalized treatment plan to fundamentally solve the problem and regain health and confidence. Please bravely take the first step and consult a doctor.